Applying for Citizenship
Newcomers can apply to become Canadian citizens if they have Permanent Resident status and have lived in Canada at least three years. Parents can apply on behalf of their children as long as the child is also a Permanent Resident. The person making the application must be at least 18 years of age.
Before you can become a Canadian citizen, you must demonstrate your ability to speak and understand one of Canada's two official languages, English or French. Adults will be asked to take a written test with questions about Canada's history, geography, political and electoral systems and citizen rights. If you fail the test, a judge may decide to give you an oral interview instead.
Many documents are available to help you prepare for a citizenship test. The Canadian government sends each applicant for citizenship a free study guide, Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship.
Certain individuals are not eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship. For example, individuals who have criminal backgrounds or are under criminal investigation, have spent time in prison or have had their citizenship revoked in the past five years can't apply for citizenship.
For More Information
Applying for CitizenshipCitizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) information on becoming a Canadian citizen, how to apply, the citizenship test, the citizenship ceremony and citizenship judges.
New citizenship rulesInformation about Canada’s new Citizenship Act, which came into effect on April 17, 2009. Includes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the law, adoption and retention of citizenship.
Video Centre (Citizenship and Immigration Canada)A selection of short videos on topics of interest to newcomers, including personal stories of immigrants, becoming a Canadian citizen, applying for a Permanent Resident Card, and statements by Canadian politicians. Transcripts of each video are available in English and French.